What Shots Do My Cat Need? Essential Vaccinations for Your Feline Friend

Vaccinations are a key part of keeping your cat healthy throughout their life. Whether your cat spends all their time indoors or occasionally ventures outside, vaccines help protect against serious diseases that can be life-threatening. Some vaccines are considered core, meaning they are essential for all cats, while others are non-core and recommended based on lifestyle and risk factors. At Carey Animal Hospital in Cincinnati, we help cat owners navigate their pet’s vaccination needs based on age, environment, and overall health. If you’re wondering, “What vaccinations do cats need?” this blog will explain core and non-core vaccines, recommended schedules, and why they matter for your cat’s long-term health.

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Core Vaccines: The Essential Shots Every Cat Needs

Core vaccines are recommended for all cats, regardless of their environment or risk factors. These vaccines protect against highly contagious and potentially fatal diseases.

Feline Panleukopenia (FPV) Vaccine

Feline panleukopenia, also known as feline distemper, is a severe viral infection that affects a cat’s gastrointestinal system, immune system, and bone marrow. The virus spreads easily through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and lethargy. Kittens are especially vulnerable, making this vaccine one of the most important protections for young cats. The FPV vaccine is typically included in a combination shot known as the FVRCP vaccine, which protects against multiple diseases. Kittens receive this vaccine in a series, with boosters needed throughout adulthood to maintain immunity.

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR) and Calicivirus (FCV) Vaccines

Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) and feline calicivirus (FCV) spread through sneezing, eye discharge, and shared items like food bowls or bedding. Symptoms include fever, nasal congestion, ulcers in the mouth, and eye infections. Vaccination significantly reduces the severity of these infections and helps prevent outbreaks in multi-cat households or shelters. Like panleukopenia, these vaccines are part of the FVRCP combination shot.

Rabies Vaccine

Rabies is a fatal virus that affects the nervous system and can spread to humans through bites or scratches from infected animals. In most states, including Ohio, rabies vaccination is required by law for cats. Even if your cat stays indoors, wildlife such as bats or raccoons can carry the virus and pose a risk. The rabies vaccine is typically given as a one-year or three-year shot, depending on state regulations and veterinary recommendations. This vaccine is crucial for protecting both pets and people from this deadly disease.

Non-Core Vaccines: Additional Protection for Certain Cats

Non-core vaccines are recommended based on a cat’s lifestyle, risk of exposure, and environment. While not necessary for every cat, they provide important protection in specific situations.

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) Vaccine

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a contagious virus that weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infections, anemia, and certain cancers. It spreads through saliva, grooming, and close contact with infected cats. Outdoor cats, or those living with FeLV-positive companions, are at the highest risk. Kittens should receive an initial FeLV vaccine, but whether to continue boosters into adulthood depends on the cat’s lifestyle. Indoor cats with no exposure to infected felines may not need this vaccine long-term.

Bordetella Vaccine

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a bacterial infection that causes upper respiratory issues in cats. While more common in dogs, it can spread in shelters, multi-cat homes, or boarding facilities. Symptoms include sneezing, coughing, and nasal discharge. This vaccine is typically recommended for cats who travel, stay in boarding facilities, or interact with other animals frequently. It helps reduce the severity of respiratory symptoms and limits the spread of infection.

Chlamydia Vaccine

Chlamydia felis is a bacterial infection that affects the eyes and respiratory system, causing conjunctivitis, sneezing, and nasal congestion. The infection spreads through direct contact with infected cats. The chlamydia vaccine is often included in the FVRCP combination shot but may be recommended separately for cats at higher risk, such as those in shelters or catteries.

Kitten Vaccination Schedule: When to Start

Kittens receive vaccinations in a series to build immunity as their immune system develops. A typical vaccination schedule includes:

  • 6 to 8 weeks: First FVRCP vaccine
  • 10 to 12 weeks: Second FVRCP vaccine, first FeLV vaccine (if needed)
  • 14 to 16 weeks: Third FVRCP vaccine, rabies vaccine
  • One year: Booster shots for FVRCP, rabies, and FeLV (if applicable)

After the first year, adult cats typically receive booster vaccines every one to three years, depending on veterinary recommendations.

Adult Cat Vaccination: Maintaining Immunity

While kittens require multiple vaccines, adult cats need regular boosters to maintain immunity. The FVRCP vaccine and rabies vaccine are often given every one to three years, depending on veterinary guidelines. For indoor cats, vaccines such as FeLV may not be necessary beyond kittenhood. However, outdoor cats or those exposed to new animals should stay up to date on FeLV and other recommended vaccines.

Are There Risks to Cat Vaccinations?

Vaccinations are an important part of preventive care, but some cats may experience mild side effects, including:

  • Slight swelling at the injection site
  • Temporary lethargy or mild fever
  • Decreased appetite for a short period

Severe reactions are rare, but if you notice persistent swelling, difficulty breathing, or extreme lethargy, contact your veterinarian immediately. The benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks, as they protect against deadly diseases.

How to Determine What Vaccinations Your Cat Needs

Deciding what vaccinations cats need depends on several factors, including age, lifestyle, and exposure risk. Your veterinarian at Carey Animal Hospital will assess your cat’s health history and environment to recommend the best vaccination plan. For example, an indoor cat in a single-pet household may only need core vaccines, while a cat that spends time outdoors or interacts with other animals may benefit from additional protection. Regular veterinary visits help keep your cat on track with recommended vaccines.

Protect Your Cat’s Health with the Right Vaccinations

Vaccinating your cat is one of the best ways to protect them from serious illnesses and prevent the spread of contagious diseases. Whether you have a playful kitten or a senior cat, staying up to date on core and non-core vaccines is essential for their well-being. At Carey Animal Hospital in Cincinnati, we provide tailored vaccination plans based on your cat’s needs. If you have questions about what vaccinations cats need or when your cat is due for their next shot, call (513) 531-7117 or book an appointment online today!